Looking back, I have to admit, when I signed up for the Peace Corps,
I think naivety had the best of me. In
my defense, the PC application process, and even training, is plagued by vague information.
The most material offered after a web search is about the history of the PC, the theory that drives it, what kind
of volunteer box you can fit in and where you could go. Even after interviews and phone calls, you
reach the same information plateau. Having
agreed with the PC mentality and wanting to be a part of it, I filled out the
application and submitted to the unknown.
Yet, what’s amusing is when I got on the plane to come to Ghana, I thought
I knew exactly what I was going to do when I arrived. According to my invitation, I am a “Community
Development Volunteer” in the “Health, Water and Sanitation Sector.” I think I was so excited to get the invitation letter than when read it that I didn’t put it down
and say “what the fuck does that mean?!” like the critical-thinking, master’s
degree-holding, cynic that I am. Only
now, after months of life-altering preparation, and two months of being in
country do we even know where we will spend the 24-month long commitment as Peace
Corps Volunteers as well as our official project, the next assignment of the
unknown. And I’m still trying to define
exactly what those words meant on my PC invitation letter.
The PC essentially makes you embrace a “buy the ticket, take the
ride” mentality, which I am good at, in every sense of my life except my career. I’ve been struggling with the nature of my PC
assignment since day one here. I think
that has led to vague descriptions as to what I will be doing here and
why. I’ve had a lot of friends, family
and followers express confusions revolving around issues that one wouldn’t understand
unless they were here in Ghana. So I
hope to, at least, share with you what I know up until this point. Clearly I am learning the ways of PC
information sharing! Don’t get me wrong,
I still feel a great sense of conviction to help address the needs of a
developing country. It just makes me
nervous not knowing exactly how I can do that with my specialty. Control-freak much?
So, let’s begin the lesson on Ghanaian Health, Water, and
Sanitation issues from the limited view of a Peace Corps Community Development
Volunteer. An excerpt from The Crow and the Lamb in David Sedaris’
book Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk:
The crow was out one morning, looking
for something to eat, when she spotted a newborn lamb suckling in the field
below. Sheep, she thought. What I wouldn’t
give for a life like that. The mother
spits out a baby and then she just lies there doing nothing while it feeds
itself. No nest to build, no spending
every rotten moment searching for food, and even then it’s never enough.
On top of that, birds had to be
homeschooled, not like sheep or cows, who learned junk from one another. “It takes a village,” they like to say, no
that there was much to learn in the first place. You lower your head, and food
goes in. Raise your tail, and it comes out. The eating part, they had down, but the rest,
forget it. Crap smeared from one end of
their bodies to the other. Where was the
fucking village when it came to cleaning themselves? That’s what the crow wanted to ask. Oh, they moaned about insects – flies lighting
on their faces all day – but news flash: flies go where the shit is, so if you
don’t want them clustering on your forehead, clean it!
Let’s not get ahead of ourselves here
or our panties in a wad about cultural insensitivity.
Actually,
about sensitivity: you shouldn’t read the rest if you are prone to sensitive
feeeeelings, have a weak stomach, or don’t like the s-word.
That said, I’m not saying Ghanians are
sheep or cows and I’m a crow. The point
to take away is the part about crap, or just “shit,” here in Ghana.
“Have you ever eaten shit?” Gasp, “no!”
In many, if not most, villages in
Ghana, there is a huge problem with open-defecation (OD). In other words, they shit in the open and
leave it exposed. This, as you can
imagine, can cause a series of health related problems. Diarrhea and disease related to OD kill
around 1.8 million people every year, mainly children under five. Most communities have a designated area,
usually a field on the edge of the village, where they shit. Most adults and teens use those areas, but I’ve
seen children shitting in the middle of town where everyone can see. Some of the areas where OD occurs are near
water sources and/or in streams, lakes and rivers. Animals, children and adults trek the feces
from the OD area through town. Flies
land on the feces and then fly to food, water, or any other surface throughout
the village. Toilet paper is considered
a luxury and whatever is lying around is used to wipe. Corn husks are popular to clean with- don’t
ever touch one! I saw a sleeping baby on
it’s mother’s back the other day with flies around its nose and lips and couldn’t
help but wonder where that fly had been before.
There is a clear link between OD and
inadequate health, sanitation and hygiene issues in Ghana. To combat this issue, we are working for Ghana
WASH as behavior change agents. Ghana
WASH is funded by USAID and implemented by Relief International. We are tasked with “engaging in activities
such as community entry and mobilization, community profile analysis, hygiene
promotion, advocacy, leadership, civic engagement, social marketing and safe
water and sanitation practices.”
The grunt of our work for the first
few months to a year is a Community Let Total Sanitation (CLTS) strategy called
‘triggering’ to raise awareness and mobilize the community to collectively decide
to change. Triggering basically shows
community members the link between OD and health problems. The message is that if you OD, then you are essentially
eating shit. It’s a crude and explicit
method that brings about shame resulting in a mobilized community against OD.
A few examples of trigger methods we
do are community mapping, the f-diagram and a transect walk. They are all done together in that order and
it usually takes an hour or two, depending on the cooperation from the
community. Before the triggering occurs,
we integrate ourselves into the community by being visible and getting to know
the communities we are tasked with helping.
The community mapping gathers the
community members together under a tree or in a classroom setting (depending on
the village). We have the community member’s show where they
live, go to church, get their water and where they open defecate with symbols
they pick (rocks, leaves, sticks, etc).
Then, we have them draw lines from the points of OD to where they live,
get their water, etc. We ask them where
the dirtiest place in their community is and it’s always where they OD. Then we ask why it’s dirty and they mentally
draw the connection between OD and hygiene/sanitation issues within their
community. The other day, when I
participated in a mapping exercise, there was a water spot and an OD spot next
to each other. They identified that as a
dirty place in their village, noting that those that get water from that source
get sick the most.
The f-diagram (google CLTS f-diagram for the image) draws the link between
OD and eating shit. Before the
demonstration, you gather a sample of shit from the community and put it on a
plate with a little oil on it (the oil here is red and we call it red red). You start by asking them if they have ever
eaten shit. They all say no. Then you tell them that you got this shit
from their community today. Within
seconds flies are on the shit. Then you
bring out a plate of rice and set it next to the shit. Within seconds, the rice is red from the flies
going back and forth from the shit to the rice. The community members are disgusted
as they can literally see that they do eat shit.
We next ask the community members to
show us where they OD and we walk there as a group. I call it the walk of shame. The idea is to take them where they OD so
that they realize the unpleasant sight and smell of shit everywhere
collectively and with visitors (me and Luke and our counterparts). We ask them questions and have a discussion
right there in the uncomfortable setting.
They are used to going to these places and maybe seeing a few other
people, but when we are all there it’s shameful. In reality, and as we showed them earlier,
the shit doesn’t just stay there.
These strategies are usually successful
in causing a community mobilization effort to build latrines and stop OD, so
they are ultimately safe from their own shit.
Ghana WASH subsidizes some of the materials used for latrines, but the
community members must first dig their latrine pits and provide the locally
available materials and contribute to the latrine building process.
That is the basic outline of what I am
anticipating will occupy most of my time.
Ghana WASH seems like they have a great structure. A huge positive for me, being a Type A person/volunteer when it comes to
my vocation. There is also a lot of
opportunities for me within the scope of Ghana WASH and also outside and I will
definitely take the opportunity to write grants and do whatever else I can while I am here for two years.
So, while I’m not educating people on
the evils of auto-oriented development (or telling of the history of that original
turn of the century Victorian-era home with a gothic influence that Mr. so-and-so
lived in), but instead I’m educating people about eating their own shit, I’m
hoping that after two years, the two will be somehow relevant. If anything, it shows of the limitlessness
that is a career in community development and the many avenues that I could
take when I’m done with my service. <--Me, staying positive!